The World of Work (WoW) is surging in the Pittsburgh K-12 area in 2023. World of Work is a career initiative that started in the Cajon Valley Union School District, San Diego CA. There are now districts across the United States who are using this model to prepare students in K-12 for their future directions. In the Pittsburgh region four districts have received a grant from the Grable Foundation to collaboratively work on this initiative: Duquesne City School, Avonworth, Elizabeth Forward, and South Fayette. In addition, the River Valley School District about 30 miles east of the city of Pittsburgh is pursuing its own model based on the Cajon Valley framework.
Philip Martell, the Superintendent of River Valley looks at the WoW movement from a Workforce Development perspective. According to Mr. Martell, Superintendent of River Valley:
“The WoW framework makes a difference for learners because it cultivates career development and paths to gainful employment K-12. WoW gives our River Valley students exposure to career options at an early age. Students have the opportunity to learn about careers, receive hands-on experiences, meet professionals, and practice skills needed for that career. The goal is for our River Valley students to have a personalized career experience. We currently use the WoW/Beable framework along with the RIASEC model which allows students to explore different careers to see what their interests are so that we can build career opportunities within their learning path K-12.”
The Pittsburgh Consortium has similar goals to River Valley with a focus on the child at the center. According to Ashli Detweiler, the Coordinator of the Pittsburgh WoW network:
“At the forefront of the World of Work – Pittsburgh initiative is always the kids. Regardless of the zip code or the district, our mission is to provide all children with the opportunity to be able to explore their own strengths, interests, and workplace values. Our long-term goals include students being able to self identify at the earliest ages, and to continue to grow and reflect as they continue through life. We want all children to leave traditional school settings, and know what will fulfill their life based on who they are as individuals.”
Key to the World of Work framework are a series of activities aligned with the model called RIASEC that was developed by Dr. John Holland based on his research into vocational interests. The WoW framework helps every child develop their own self-awareness and make connections to careers based on their unique strengths, interests, and workplace values. According to the website for the Pittsburgh consortium:
World of Work provides early exposure and self awareness to career paths starting in our youngest grade levels. This exposure is done by supporting the individualized needs of each student learner and matching their interests with career learning. The four steps of World of Work include; Exploration, Simulation, Meet a Pro, and Practice…. Real-life experiences are shared and students see the work they are interested in first-hand. The final stage of practice provides students with enough knowledge and exposure to take what they learned to practice through play, school projects, homework, socialization, and volunteer work!
At this year’s Three Rivers Educational Technology Conference on January 16, 2023, David Miyashiro, the Superintendent for Cajon Valley, was the keynote speaker. He shared with the Pittsburgh audience his perspective. According to Dr. David Miyashiro we need to change the goalposts for learners. We no longer should be looking at test scores, but skills that students accrue that relate to future career opportunities and bring a sense of fulfillment to the learner. According to Dr. Miyashiro,
“Kids cannot aspire to careers they don’t even know exist — life sciences, civil engineering and public service. The traditional K-12 system stigmatizes skilled labor, military service, public service — anything that doesn’t align with a college degree. We’re trying to show K-12 we have to think differently about success and preparation.”
David Mayashiro at TRETC with student from Seneca Valley School District | Photo by Norton Gusky CC BY 2.0
At TRETC, the WoW team shared some of their accomplishments. Here’s a summary of the past year’s accomplishments from Ashli Detweiler:
“This year we have been able to build a World of Work framework that any teacher in any district can implement into their calendar year. The four pilot districts for this initiative include Avonworth, Duquesne City, Elizabeth Forward and South Fayette. Each district is focusing on one grade level, and there are lead teachers in each of those four grade levels. The lead teachers have been able to accomplish incorporating RIASEC into their daily lessons, and build a common language and understanding amongst their students. There is a career grid that focuses on six different careers in each grade. Lessons and activities that the teachers have created are embedded into their curriculum to continue to build the capacity of having consistent strengths, interests, and a career focus for kids. Also regarding accomplishments include allowing students to understand who they are in this great big world, but also the other kids around them. Once students understand that everyone is gifted and talented in something, other children then have the opportunity to showcase their own talents. This has been an accomplishment that wasn’t anticipated when we started doing this work. However, students understanding one another and accepting that everyone is different has become a beautiful outcome of the World of Work.”
Ed Hidalgo with Philip Martell and Beth Carr at TRETC | Photo by Norton Gusky CC BY 2.0
Educators across the Pittsburgh region will have a great opportunity to explore the World of Work K-12 Workforce Development on Friday, March 3, 2023 at the River Valley STEAM Center campus. Ed Hidalgo, the Innovation and Engagement Advisor for the Cajon Valley School District, will outline the Cajon Valley model that personalizes pathways for every student. Joining Ed for this look at the importance of focusing on the World of Work will be Beth Carr from Beable, a software platform that provides personalized learning experiences using the RIASEC model, and Philip Martell, the Superintendent of River Valley.
The Beable software is a great resource, but not required for all students to use. According to Ashli Detweiler, “Only Duquesne City is using the Beable software for the literacy component. Because our goal is to build a free framework for any district to implement, we have been utilizing Google to ensure we are being equitable with sharing. Should districts want our resources they could be embedded into a Canvas Course.”
(Updated information 3/6/2023)
All the roads for a better understanding of the World of Work led to the River Valley STEAM center campus, on Friday, March 3. Here’s a video overview of what happened at the WOW Summit.
Both the River Valley and Pittsburgh teams will be heading to the World of Work Conference in San Diego, CA March 23-25. Philip Martell, Jeff Geesey, the Workforce Development Coordinator for RV, Ashli Detweiler, and Michelle Miller, the Superintendent of the South Fayette School District, will be speakers at the event.
In Part 1 of “The Teachings of Mister Rogers” (https://nlg-consulting.net/2021/11/22/the-teachings-of-mister-rogers-part-1/) we looked at the chapters from Gregg Behr and Ryan Rydzewski’s book, When You Wonder, You’re Learning on Curiosity, Creativity, and Collaborating and the guest experts who joined my Carnegie Mellon Osher class to talk about Fred Rogers as a Learning Scientist. In this post we’ll look at the chapters and class sessions that address Communicating, Learning and Growing, and Connecting.(http://whenyouwonder.org)
Communicating with Bill Isler
Each chapter in the book is filled with great stories about Fred Rogers, examples of episodes and songs that illuminate the theme, contemporary research, and contemporary examples in Pittsburgh of people and projects that manifest the theme today. I was quite fortunate to connect with Bill Isler for my Osher class to share his insights into Fred Rogers as a masterful communicator. Bill served as the CEO of Family Communications, the company that produced the Mister Rogers Neighborhood. He also became the first Executive Director for the Fred Rogers Center, a non-profit that promotes the work of Fred Rogers and contains the archives for much of Fred Roger’s work.
Before I introduce my guest each week I outline some of the themes from the book, When You Wonder, You’re Learning. Deep Listening and Loving Speech were two elements that were part of Fred Roger’s communications approach. According to a quotation from Thich Nhat Hanh in the book:
“When we listen to someone with the intention of helping that person suffer less, that is Deep Listening. When we listen with compassion, we don’t get caught in judgement.”
Bill Isler related a story in the book about Fred Rogers and how he listened and expressed his love with children as well as adults. “When he talked to children, he was always down on one knee. He always got down to eye level….” Fred never wanted to have kids or adults feel that they were inferior to him. He wanted everyone in his audience to feel loved. Moreover, Fred wanted his audience to know that he listened to them. This carried over to letters he received. He literally sent a personal reply to every person who wrote to him. In at least one situation he used a question from a parent’s letter to create a story episode. According to Bill a parent sent a letter and asked Fred for help toilet training her son. Fred used the opportunity to demonstrate on the TV show what toilet training meant and tackled the issue straight-on.
As part of his approach Fred Roger felt it was critical to talk about our feelings in an honest and direct way. Fred always said, “When we talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, less scary.”
One of the best examples of a contemporary example of Fred’s style of communications is found in the Reel Teens project in Pittsburgh. In this project high school students create videos that demonstrate Fred’s “Loving Speech” approach. They show empathy and concern for their subjects. They communicate well since they have a Purpose, just as every documentary that Fred created had a special reason behind it. In Chapter 3, Gregg and Ryan share the Reel Teens story about Kung Fu Joe, a local Pittsburgh character who would have likely made his way to Mister Rogers Neighborhood. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLdrzBouUb8&feature=youtu.be)
Bill explained that Fred was a “grateful receiver.” He had an amazing interest in listening to people’s stories. Moreover, he used his personal stories and experiences to create the tales and themes for Mister Rogers Neighborhood. It was never about “I.” Fred was always about “our” or “us” or we.”
One of most memorable moments on the Mister Rogers Neighborhood occurred when Jeff Erlanger, a young boy in a wheelchair, joined Fred for the song, “I Love You.” Bill Isler brought the story up-to-date telling the Osher class about a surprise visit by Jeff at the ceremony when Fred was inducted into the TV Hall of Fame. Fred, just as he always did, knelled down and just shared his love for Jeff after more than 25 years apart. The moment brought tears to people. It was just how Fred acted on stage or in real life. He shared his love for people through everything thing he communicated.
Bill also shared stories about the production of the documentary and the Tom Hanks film, “A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.” Fred was leery about anyone making a movie about him. Bill made sure that the documentary and feature length films were of high quality. In the case of the Tom Hanks film Bill related how Fred turned a project that was supposed to be just an article by Tom Junod into a major magazine cover story and subsequent film. Along the way Fred used his amazing communications talent to turn Tom Junod into a believer in the Mister Roger’s mystique. (https://time.com/5733017/a-beautiful-day-in-the-neighborhood-true-story/)
Learning and Growing with Gregg Behr and Ryan Rydzewski
Photo CC BY 4.0 Norton Gusky
While I had originally hoped to have Gregg and Ryan join me for Week 1 of my Osher class, it turned out quite well to have them join for Week 5. They used the opportunity to address questions about the origin of the book and reviewed some of the highlights in the previous chapters that were highlighted by my previous guest experts.
I started my mini-lecture by using the Driving Question that was the underlying element in When You Wonder, You’re Learning: In what ways were the teachings of Fred Rogers rooted in Learning Science?
Gregg and Ryan in their book highlight the importance of Striving for Fred Rogers. According to Fred, “Life is marked by failures and setbacks and slip ups as much as hard-won satisfactions…. We need to let Children understand that for us , as for them, life is made of striving more than attaining.” It’s not the final product that is often most important. It’s the process, the steps getting there. It’s not just being persistent, but learning from mistakes and failures.
According to Chapter 5 we need to avoid Toxic Anxiety, “If we want kids to stick with something, experts say, we need to take a different approach from the beginning – one that reduces anxiety.” I brought up the findings from Learning Science around Mastery Learning. We want our learners to demonstrate a pattern of success. That doesn’t mean necessarily 100% or even 90%. Sometimes we might make a mistake three times in a row and then “get it.” We demonstrate success two, three, maybe four times. We’ve mastered a concept or skill, but if we used an average we have failed.
Right in line with Fred’s Teachings is the work of Carol Dweck on Growth and Fixed Mindsets. (https://fs.blog/carol-dweck-mindset/) According to Carol Dweck, “Although people may differ… – in their initial talents and aptitudes, interests, or temperaments – everyone can grow and change through application and experience.”
In Chapter 5 Gregg and Ryan highlight the song, “You’ve Got to Do It” where Fred sings, “It’s not easy to keep trying, but it’s the one way to grow. You’ve got to just do it. ” Here is a great example of Striving in order to Learn and Grow.
One of the great local examples of how Fred Roger’s Teachings carry on today is through Remake Learning Days. (https://remakelearningdays.org/) Gregg explained how this annual spring celebration now “billed as ‘the world’s largest open house for the future of teaching and learning” began. At first the Remake Learning Days was an effort in Allegheny County by schools, museums, libraries, after-school programs, and other learning places to showcase what kids could do with technology. Year by year the program grew and today every county in the state of Pennsylvania participates and kids, parents and community members from nineteen other states will join in the celebration of Learning and Growing from May 12-23, 2022.
While I could share my own personal stories, my guests really bring to light their personal connections to Fred Roger’s teachings. Ryan talked about his grandmother and a 1940s photo. His grandmother was the youngest of ten children and her mother did not speak English. She dreamed of becoming a hairdresser. One day she came to school wearing curls she had put in place. The teacher sent a note, “Get a look at Shirley Temple.” This created such anxiety for his grandmother that she never pursued her dream. Ryan’s story demonstrated a Fred Rogers approach where you need to share feelings in an honest and direct in order to learn and grow.
Gregg honed in on Mindsets by telling a story about his soccer coaching experience with his two daughters. He focused on winning and when the team lost their first two games he had to reset his mindset and think about what was needed in practice and the games so the girls enjoyed playing, not just winning. By taking on a Growth Mindset approach he made the game more fun and soon the team was on a winning streak.
Connecting with Larry Berger
For the final class I invited Larry Berger who started his broadcast career at the age of 17 and then at the age of 50 left an environmental engineering position to pursue full-time his passion working with young people and start SLB Productions, a 501c3 company. SLB Productions has gained local and international honors for its innovative approach working with young people using radio production and oral history. (https://slbradio.org/)
Larry and I agreed to focus on “Neighborhoods” for his session. Beginning with the Class Starter I had people think about what neighborhoods meant to them. I used an image of Sampsonia Way on the North Side of Pittsburgh to initiate the Chat Room conversation. People talked about physical elements like buildings as well as psychological needs and most importantly, people. I brought up how this alleyway has become a home for writers, poets, and other artists who come to Pittsburgh through the City of Asylum project. This was a great way to kick off the conversation about the Teachings of Fred Rogers for our last class.
For this class our Driving Question was: In what ways have the teachings of Fred Rogers addressed the needs of neighborhoods? Again Larry and I wanted the Osher class to think about “Connecting” through the Neighborhood lens.
In When You Wonder, You’re Learning there were a number of learning research projects that were highlighted that address the issue of Belonging and Feeling Connected: Spitz research with orphans and Harry Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys. I also brought back into the conversation one of the key research projects that Gregg Behr and Ryan Rydzewski had highlighted in the previous week conducted by the University of Washington. Here’s a key finding from that research that was highlighted in the book: “Those parents and teachers who had been taught to build stronger relationships outperformed their peers on every measure of well being…”
In every Mister Rogers show, Fred Rogers used his puppets to address feelings. In this case it was feeling not connected or excluded. King Friday plays the role of Fred’s alter ego. He declares, “When I was a young prince, I was not very fine at playing games. So when it came time for people to choose their teams, nobody ever…[selected me].”
To introduce Larry and his work I focused on the theme of Empathy. In When You Wonder, You’re Learning, there’s a wonderful quotation from Larry as he talks about the students in his Youth Express project, “”By the time they put a finished product together, they’re thinking about their projects in ways they never had before. They’re full of so much empathy.”
Larry highlighted how all of his work with kids is built around three key principles that go directly back to Fred Rogers:
Creating Safe Spaces
Working with Trusted Adults
Providing Opportunities to Grow
Larry shared an examples of of Youth Express projects for a local Pittsburgh High School and elementary programs. The process takes time. At first it’s very difficult for both the teachers and the kids, but by using the three principles everyone is successful. In the elementary example Larry and his SLB team were invited to work with 2nd grade teachers around the standard for Persuasive Writing. Larry stepped the class through a series of writing assignments and prompts that kept building on successful communication. In the first stage the young writers wrote a “Mini Bio.” They learned how to record their voices as they read their short personal tales. They moved along a series of steps that led to a Town hall meeting where they connected with their peers. At the final stage each learner had to create a Persuasive Editorial on a subject of personal interest. The process demonstrated the Teachings of Fred Rogers as a contemporary learning activity designed around Psychological Safety, Trusting Relationships, and Personal Growth.
Larry then added another element of research that he incorporates into his programs – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. SLB Productions make sure that every dimension starting with Physiological needs (nutritious snacks and drinks) to Self Actualization (a final project with true agency expressed) is part of the process.
After sharing additional examples of successful student projects, Larry and I used the Zoom Breakout Rooms to put the class members into virtual neighborhoods where they used a “Quick Story” prompt about childhood memories to have a discussion with their peers. The Osher students loved the opportunity to share their personal stories. Sometimes one person’s story elicited ideas that the student had not thought about before. It was a great way to demonstrate the power of Connecting. As one Osher student shared in the post-course survey, “The activity in the breakout rooms was excellent.”
As we wrapped up the final session Larry shared one last student project that demonstrates how Fred Rogers’s Teachings are still alive today.
Final Thoughts
Even though I was already a teacher by the time Mister Rogers Neighborhood came on the air, I always felt that there was a part of me that belonged in that neighborhood. My Osher students left their impressions in a final survey of the class. Here a few of their thoughts:
What You Learned: “I learned about all of the things that are being done in Pittsburgh to foster creativity. I learned about the background of how Fred Rogers became Mr. Rogers. I learned that it is easier to be a better person by simply changing the mindset. I learned the importance of acknowledging children’s thoughts and feelings and allowing them to share in a safe environment.”
How you now Connect to the teachings of Fred Rogers: “At this time for sure, the need for his particular type of kindness, listening, wisdom really strikes a chord. I wish I had this course earlier in my life, as a Mother of 4 and a speech therapist – his quiet, calm, voice and slow cadence now make so much more sense to me now than it did when my young children watched the show …trying now to remind myself to model some of this with adults as well as children in my life now…”
What You’ll Do with What You Learned: “Share with others the resources mentioned throughout the course. Buy the book for a couple of people in my family circle.”
When I heard that my colleague, Gregg Behr, was about to publish a book on the contemporary importance of Fred Rogers, I knew I wanted to teach a course for the Osher program at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). Gregg explained that his book would look at the teachings of Mister Rogers in light of learning science findings. I immediately contacted Gregg and he agreed that he and his co-author, Ryan Rydzewski, would join my class, but unfortunately they would be out of town to kick off the class. I then decided I should purchase When You Wonder, You’re Learning, and see how the book would align to a class format and who were some of the key people in the book.
Chapter 1 focused on Curiosity. I immediately thought about another colleague, Melissa Butler, who appeared in Chapter 1 and created the Children’s Innovation Project (https://www.cmucreatelab.org/projects/Children’s_Innovation_Project) as part of an investigation around innovation and technology while she was a primary school teacher for Pittsburgh Public Schools: Allegheny and also worked with the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh.
Children at PPS: Allegheny Photo by Norton Gusky CC BY 4.0
As part of her work for the Children’s Innovation Project Melissa took several of Fred Rogers key ideas and brought them into the formal classroom:
Be Observant. Study known objects as simple as a button in detail;
Be Curious. Examine objects and ask questions, such as how does this work?
Be a Team Member. Work with your peers and learn from each other.
For the Osher class Melissa introduced the senior adults to several Fred Rogers resources that are available online. The Neighborhood Archive (http://www.neighborhoodarchive.com/) contains everything from the Mister Rogers and Daniel Tiger shows – episodes, characters, songs, memorabilia. Educators’ Neighborhood, a project of the Fred Rogers Center (https://www.fredrogerscenter.org/,) is a community of educators who learn together inspired from the life and work of Fred Rogers. Melissa is one of the key people for this modern day learning community. According to the website: “We study episodes of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, read from the Fred Rogers Center archive, and connect ideas to our daily practice with young children.”
For the Osher class Melissa shared an early episode from the Mister Rogers’ Show where Fred visits Mrs. Russelite. Together they explore her collection of hats and model the attribute of curiosity. Melissa shared a technique called “Episode Talk.” She asked people to first describe that they saw. Then, she queried the group to connect what they described to their lives. It was amazing to hear some of the comments. One person noticed how Fred Rogers and his director used camera angles to provide insight into characters. Other people outlined how they used to play with clothes or hats. The key to ignite curiosity for Mister Rogers and for Melissa Butler is to start with something you know and then ask children or adults to think about new ways to use that item. Melissa explained that the best items are “open ended.” A cardboard box can provide hours of curious investigation and imaginative play. The role for adults is to introduce new narratives for children. Use questions like, “I see you have a new hat. How many ways can you wear it?”
Creativity
For the second week of the class I tapped into the expertise of Jane Werner, the Executive Director for the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh. Originally I had intended for my class to visit the Children’s Museum to view artifacts from Fred Rogers, to interact with the exhibit, the Kindness Gallery, and to observe kids using their creativity throughout the museum. However, the uptick in COVID meant that we had to go online and use Zoom. So, I decided I would create my own Fred Roger’s style documentary to take my class to the museum.
Film by Norton Gusky
To set the stage for Jane I highlighted several themes that came out of the book, When You Wonder, You’re Learning: how learning science has created tools, like the Torrance Test, to measure Creativity; the importance of choices; why we need to “play” even as adults; the Creativity Crisis – how even children are now less creative today than they were 30 years ago; and new directions for Creativity including events like Maker Faires, and spaces like the MakeShop at the Children’s Museum as well as Maker Spaces across the United States.
Jane provided a virtual tour of the Children’s Museum and MuseumLab, the new space just across from the Children’s Museum that is a laboratory to look at how informal practices can make an impact on formal learning with slightly older kids – middle school age. Jane shared many wonderful stories working with Fred Rogers and his wife, Joanne. Fred played a key role in the mission for the Museum – providing a space for Kindness, Curiosity, Creativity, and Joy. Jane highlighted how scientists and artists are both attempting to create models for understanding our world and children need to have experiences as both an artist and scientist. Jane highlighted how the Children’s Museum works with the University of Pittsburgh and a team of Learning Scientists to understand things like the Principles of Practice for the MakeShop: Inquire, Tinker, Seek and Share Resources, Hack and Repurpose, Express Intention, Develop Fluency, and Simplify to Complexity.
Jane designed an engaging interactive activity for the group. She asked them to look at a photograph she had taken of a model car she had inherited from her father with a paper clip next to it. She challenged the Osher students to write a story or draw a picture to explain what was in the photo. The Osher students came up with some wild ideas to express their creativity.
Working Together
For Week 3 I reached out to Cara Ciminillo, the Executive Director of Trying Together (https://tryingtogether.org/). I had served on the Board for the organization when it was known as PAEYC and I knew that in 2018 the organization rebranded itself using a quotation from Fred Rogers:
We need to remember that children are trying, too—trying to understand their feelings and their world, trying to please the people they love, trying to grow. When grownups and children are trying together, just about anything can be possible.
Fred Rogers
I set the stage for Cara looking at key issues from Chapter 4 in When You Wonder, You’re Learning:
The lack of Collaboration Skills for students in the US based on the PISA test from the Office of Economic and Community Development (OECD);
The importance for Psychological Safety to build Trust and Respect in groups with a special look at research from Google and the work of the Girls of Steel, a Carnegie Mellon University sponsored program of FIRST teams and community outreach, serving girls and boys in grades K-12 in Greater Pittsburgh.
The importance of Diversity with a look at how the Mister Rogers Neighborhood modeled the inclusion of gender, race, and disability for team-based projects.
Screenshot from Osher Class
Cara shared the Simple Interactions Tool developed in collaboration with Jun Lei Li, the former director for the Fred Rogers Center. The graphic serves as a way to frame peer-to-peer conversations about best child-caring practices. Cara explained each of the key factors and then she presented a wonderful video about a child-giver who had to deal with a young child new to a facility. The care-giver was a wonderful example of the teachings of Fred Rogers. She demonstrated how to build Psychological Safety by demonstrating kindness and trust. And most importantly the caregiver provided the young child with a simple experience to grow and feel connected.
Cara also highlighted Message From Me (https://messagefromme.org/), a technological tool developed with the CREATE Lab at Carnegie Mellon University, to provide greater communication between care-givers and children. According to Cara the tool is now used by educational institutions across the country. The tool allows a child to take a picture of a product or activity, add a verbal explanation, and then send the message to a caregiver, so the child and care-giver can have a conversation later about something authentic in the child’s day. Instead of the caregiver saying, “What happened in school today?” and the child saying, “Nothing,” there is now a concrete example to share. Now the caregiver can say, “Tell me more about your drawing. I see you focused on a yellow bird. Tell me more about your bird.” Cara pointed out that Message from Me is a great example of where technology can make a positive difference in a child’s learning and provide for learner autonomy and voice. And most importantly, it helps to build relationships.
Trying Together has also been a leader in the region providing online tools for caregivers to find quality programs and resources for young children. The website AlleghenyChildcare.org is the latest example of the efforts from Trying Together.
The last segment of the session focused on questions from the Osher students. One of the questions came out of the COVID situation. How are young children dealing with living in a world where adults are behind masks? Cara explained how children can read expression from people’s eyes and the tone of their voice. Even though masks make it more difficult for children to read an adult’s expression, they are still very perceptive.
(For the other three chapters and the related Osher class sessions based on When You Wonder, You’re Learning, stay tuned for Part 2 of The Teachings of Fred Rogers.)
